2013年5月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试真题
Part I
Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don't think your fat cells won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine(a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin(胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes(a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.
早上6点的锻炼是否影响了你的优质睡眠？别以为你的脂肪细胞不会有所察觉。《内科学年鉴》上发表的一项新研究发现，睡眠不足对脂肪细胞有害，会使其对胰岛素的反应能力降低约30%。长期来看，这种反应能力的下降可能会为2型糖尿病、脂肪肝疾病和体重增加埋下隐患。
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there's "an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight," says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. (76) But Americans don't seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours per night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.
睡眠专家海伦·艾姆塞勒姆（Helene Emsellem）表示，这项研究进一步证明了“我们获得的睡眠量与维持良好、健康体重的能力之间存在着密切关系”。艾姆塞勒姆是马里兰州切维蔡斯市睡眠与觉醒障碍中心的主任。然而，美国人似乎并未意识到每晚需要7到9小时的睡眠。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的一份报告，超过五分之一的美国人平均每晚睡眠时间不足6小时。
So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. "For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night, " says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights—but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. (77) Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. "I was very surprised to be honest," he says.
那么，《内科年鉴》论文中的研究人员是如何研究脂肪细胞的呢？芝加哥大学的Matthew Brady和一群同事挑选并说服了七名志愿者参与这项研究项目。他们都很年轻、瘦削且健康，并同意在睡眠实验室里睡八个晚上。“最初四个晚上，他们每晚可以躺在床上8.5小时，”Brady说。然后，一个月后，他们回来再住了四个晚上——但这次每晚只允许睡4.5小时。每次访问后，研究人员都会获取他们的脂肪样本。Brady解释说，脂肪细胞对睡眠缺失有显著反应。“说实话，我非常惊讶，”他说。
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. "Fat cells are actually your friend, "he says. "They're there to store lipids(血脂):" When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you're exercising or sleeping or going about your day. "However, when fat cells start to become insulin resistant, the lipids start to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream, " Brady says.
当脂肪细胞对胰岛素的反应减弱时，不良情况就会发生。“脂肪细胞实际上是你的朋友，”他说，“它们在那里是为了储存脂质。”当脂质留在细胞内时，你的身体可以在运动、睡眠或日常生活中利用这些脂肪。“然而，当脂肪细胞开始对胰岛素产生抵抗时，脂质就会开始从脂肪细胞中渗出，血液中的脂质含量随之上升，”Brady解释道。
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